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| + | ===Birth Date:=== |
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| + | <span style="font-size:14px;">676-733 AD or 1 Rajab</span><span style="font-size:14px;"> 57 AH</span> |
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| − | '''Muḥammad ibn ‘Alī al-Bāqir''' ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_language Arabic]: محمد ابن علي الباقر ) (676-733 AD or 1 [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajab Rajab] 57 AH – 7 [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhu_al-Hijjah Dhu al-Hijjah] 114 AH)[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_al-Baqir#cite_note-history117-3 ]was the Fifth Imam to the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelver_Shi%60ism Twelver] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shia_Islam Shi‘a] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imamah_%28Shi%27a_Ismaili_doctrine%29 Fourth Imām] to the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isma%27ili Ismā‘īlī] Shī‘a. His father was the previous Imām, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_ibn_Husayn ‘Alī ibn Ḥusayn], and his mother was [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatimah_bint_al-Hasan Fatimah bint al-Hasan]. He is revered by Shi'a Muslims for his religious leadership and highly respected by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunni Sunni] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muslims Muslims] for his knowledge and Islamic scholarship as a leading jurist of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madinah Madinah], the City of the Prophet. |
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| + | ===Death Date:=== |
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| + | <span style="font-size:14px;"> 7 Dhu al-Hijjah</span><span style="font-size:14px;"> 114 AH</span> |
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==Birth== |
==Birth== |
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| ⚫ | He <span style="font-size:14px;">was born on the 1st of the month of Rajab, 57th Hijra, in the city of Medina.</span><span style="font-size:14px;">Because of his resemblance to his great-grandfather</span><span style="font-size:14px;"> he was named Muhammad, because of it that he analyzed the knowledge and made manifest its secrets he became known with the title of </span>'''al-Baqir'''<span style="font-size:14px;">.</span> |
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| − | Muhammad al-Baqir was born on the 1st of the month of Rajab, 57th Hijra, in the city of Medina. |
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| − | He was the first Imam whose lineage ascended and reached the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_prophet Islamic prophet] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad Muhammad] both from the paternal and maternal sides. |
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*the period before his Imamate, led in Medina, that is nearly 35 years and was the peaceful part of his life |
*the period before his Imamate, led in Medina, that is nearly 35 years and was the peaceful part of his life |
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*the Period of Imamate, which stretched up to 20 years and is counted as the duration of his propagation and dissemination of Islamic knowledge and wisdom. |
*the Period of Imamate, which stretched up to 20 years and is counted as the duration of his propagation and dissemination of Islamic knowledge and wisdom. |
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| − | ==Prophecy of Birth== |
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| − | [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shia Shia] historians allege a hadith, that one of the companions of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad Mohammad], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jabir_ibn_Abd-Allah Jabir ibn Abd-Allah] Ansari was in the presence of Muhammad. He asked Muhammad about the names of descendants from his daughter Hazrat [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatimah Fatimah] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali Ali]. Muhammad told him, |
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| − | “O Jabir, you will have a long life, and although you will go blind, but you will meet the 5th in line of my descendants whose name will be my name, who will walk like me and who will be the 5th Imam of the time. When you will meet him, give my salaams (peace greetings) to him”. |
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| − | As predicted by Muhammad [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jabir_ibn_Abd-Allah Jabir ibn Abd-Allah] Ansari had a long life and became blind in his old age. But he devoutly waited for the time when he would meet the 5th Imam. Each morning he would come out from his house, sit by the road side and wait for the sound of the footsteps to recognise the 5th Imam. One such day while he was waiting in the street of Madina, he heard someone walking towards him, the sound of footsteps reminded him of the way Muhammad used to walk. Jabir stood up, stopped the man and asked his name. He replied,”Muhammad”, Jabir asked, whose son?, he replied “[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_ibn_Hussain Ali ibn Hussain]”. Jabir immediately recognised the man he was talking to was the 5th Imam. He embraced him and told him the message from Muhammad and that Muhammad sent his greetings to him. Imam took him to his home, asked his friends to gather as many people as they can. When they all assembled in his house, the Imam asked Jabir to tell the whole story again. Jabir narrated the story to the companions, they all attested in unison of the Imamat of the Fifth Imam and also the names of the other Seven Imams in his line up to the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelfth_Imam Twelfth Imam]. |
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==Expertise== |
==Expertise== |
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| − | Imam Muhammed al-Baqir was awarded the title |
+ | Imam Muhammed al-Baqir was awarded the title '''Baqir al-'Ulum''' "Revealer of Knowledge" because of his ample religious and judicial knowledge and his enthusiasm to teach others. Imam Muhammad al-Baqir’s son, Imam [[Hazrat Imam Jafar Sadiq(as)|Ja'far as-Sadiq]], was his student and benefited from his knowledge. He founded the precursor of Shī‘ah jurisprudence. Many historians like Yakubi asserts that the Imam split open knowledge, that He scrutinized it and examined the depths of it so that it can be spread to all people truly and correctly. In his life of respectable and scholarly retirement at Madina, the Imam was frequently called upon to explain particular teachings in regard to Imamat. A synopsis of his teaching in the Ma’athirul-Baqir is given in Cannon Sell’s Ithna Ashariya, an interesting part of which may well be quoted, as it shows the emphasis at this early period on the intellectual and spiritual character of the Imamat. |
While in Medinah Imam Muhammed al-Baqir continued with the progress of the schools of theology opened up on his advice and with the support of the companions of Ahlulbayt. It is noted by many historians that until the death of The 5th Imam there were 25000 students in these schools learning Fiqh, Theology and Islamic science. It was at this time that 400 books of Hadith were compiled by the students of these school under the guidance of Imam Muhammed al-Baqir. |
While in Medinah Imam Muhammed al-Baqir continued with the progress of the schools of theology opened up on his advice and with the support of the companions of Ahlulbayt. It is noted by many historians that until the death of The 5th Imam there were 25000 students in these schools learning Fiqh, Theology and Islamic science. It was at this time that 400 books of Hadith were compiled by the students of these school under the guidance of Imam Muhammed al-Baqir. |
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==During the Umayyad rulers== |
==During the Umayyad rulers== |
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| − | + | The Umayyad rulers harassed Muhammad al-Baqir for fear of his popularity and influence.<span style="font-size:14px;">This was the time when the early discussions and differences in the community surrounded the question of who has the right to rule. </span><span style="font-size:14px;">Numerous <u>Shia</u></span><span style="font-size:14px;"> individuals and delegations from Kufa</span><span style="font-size:14px;"> traveled to Medina</span><span style="font-size:14px;"> under the cover of the Hajj</span><span style="font-size:14px;"> ritual to attend al-Baqir's teaching and to ask him specific questions.</span> |
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==Martyrdom== |
==Martyrdom== |
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| − | Muhammad al-Baqir was poisoned by the order of |
+ | Muhammad al-Baqir was poisoned by the order of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hisham_ibn_Abd_al-Malik Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik] on 7 [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhu_al-Hijjah Dhu al-Hijjah] 114 at the age of 57 years. His body was buried beside the graves of other Imams in the graveyard of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jannatul_Baqee Jannatul Baqee']. <span style="font-size:14px;">A saddle was presented to the Imam in which poison was applied most skilfully. When he mounted on it the poison affected his whole body. After few days in pain the Imam died on 7th of </span>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhu_al-Hijjah Dhu al-Hijjah]<span style="font-size:14px;"> 114 Hijri.</span> |
| + | [[Category:The Twelve Caliphs of Islam]] |
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| − | According to his Will he was shrouded in three pieces of cloth. These included a Yamani sheet which he used to put on Friday prayers and a shirt which he always wore. He was laid to rest underneath the same dome in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jannatul_Baqee Jannatul Baqee] where Imam [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasan_ibn_Ali Hasan ibn Ali] and Imam [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zayn_al-Abidin Zayn al-Abidin] were buried. |
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| − | ==Some Sayings of the Imam== |
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| − | "Our followers are of three kinds, one who follows us but depends on others, one who is like a glass involved in his own reflections, but the best are those who are like gold, the more they suffer the more they shine". |
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| − | "I admonish you regarding five things; if you are wronged, do not commit wrong doing to others, if you are betrayed, do not betray anyone, if you are called a liar, do not be furious, if you are praised, do not be jubilant, if you are criticised do not fret and think of what is said in criticism, if you find in yourself what is criticised about you, then you are falling down in the eyes of God; when you are furious about the truth, it is much greater calamity then your falling down in the eyes of the people. And if you are opposite of what is said (in criticism) about you, then it is a merit you acquired without having to tire yourself in obtaining it". |
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Latest revision as of 01:51, 6 August 2014
Birth Date:[]
676-733 AD or 1 Rajab 57 AH
Death Date:[]
7 Dhu al-Hijjah 114 AH
Birth[]
He was born on the 1st of the month of Rajab, 57th Hijra, in the city of Medina.Because of his resemblance to his great-grandfather he was named Muhammad, because of it that he analyzed the knowledge and made manifest its secrets he became known with the title of al-Baqir.
His life history can be divided into two parts:
- the period before his Imamate, led in Medina, that is nearly 35 years and was the peaceful part of his life
- the Period of Imamate, which stretched up to 20 years and is counted as the duration of his propagation and dissemination of Islamic knowledge and wisdom.
Expertise[]
Imam Muhammed al-Baqir was awarded the title Baqir al-'Ulum "Revealer of Knowledge" because of his ample religious and judicial knowledge and his enthusiasm to teach others. Imam Muhammad al-Baqir’s son, Imam Ja'far as-Sadiq, was his student and benefited from his knowledge. He founded the precursor of Shī‘ah jurisprudence. Many historians like Yakubi asserts that the Imam split open knowledge, that He scrutinized it and examined the depths of it so that it can be spread to all people truly and correctly. In his life of respectable and scholarly retirement at Madina, the Imam was frequently called upon to explain particular teachings in regard to Imamat. A synopsis of his teaching in the Ma’athirul-Baqir is given in Cannon Sell’s Ithna Ashariya, an interesting part of which may well be quoted, as it shows the emphasis at this early period on the intellectual and spiritual character of the Imamat.
While in Medinah Imam Muhammed al-Baqir continued with the progress of the schools of theology opened up on his advice and with the support of the companions of Ahlulbayt. It is noted by many historians that until the death of The 5th Imam there were 25000 students in these schools learning Fiqh, Theology and Islamic science. It was at this time that 400 books of Hadith were compiled by the students of these school under the guidance of Imam Muhammed al-Baqir.
During the Umayyad rulers[]
The Umayyad rulers harassed Muhammad al-Baqir for fear of his popularity and influence.This was the time when the early discussions and differences in the community surrounded the question of who has the right to rule. Numerous Shia individuals and delegations from Kufa traveled to Medina under the cover of the Hajj ritual to attend al-Baqir's teaching and to ask him specific questions.
Martyrdom[]
Muhammad al-Baqir was poisoned by the order of Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik on 7 Dhu al-Hijjah 114 at the age of 57 years. His body was buried beside the graves of other Imams in the graveyard of Jannatul Baqee'. A saddle was presented to the Imam in which poison was applied most skilfully. When he mounted on it the poison affected his whole body. After few days in pain the Imam died on 7th of Dhu al-Hijjah 114 Hijri.